Light, Electrical Appliances & Energy Tips:

• Turn lights on only when you need them and turn off when you leave the room.
• Keep your lamps and lamp shades dust free – more light in less time.
• If you want lighten your lighting bill, replace incandescent bulbs with energy efficient compact fluorescents and LED lighting.
• On outdoor security lighting use timers or motion sensors. They run only when required.

• In general, the most energy efficient HD televisions are LED followed by LCD and then Plasma.
• Switch off and save up. When you leave the TV on standby it can use up to half the electricity in standby as when switched on.
• Be smart with your computer, use energy saving mode and turn it off when not in use.
• If you want save up to 20% on your electricity bill try using a home energy monitoring device. It can help you to manage your energy consumption.
• When replacing a home appliance always chose an appliance with the highest energy efficiency rating. It is a good choice for your wallet and for the environment.
• Plug out mobile phone chargers when not in use

Kitchen & Laundry Tips:

• Use lids on your saucepans. The food will be tastier and it will reduce the cooking time.
• Cook several items of food at one time. Use pans that can divide into sections or use the different temperatures of the space in oven (hotter on top, cooler below).
• When you use the oven resist the temptation to check every minute! 20% of the heat escapes each time you open the door!
• Slow cookers and pressure cookers save energy.
• When using the kettle boil only the quantity of water you need. It is better for the bill, for the environment and for your health. Over-boiled water has a high concentration of limestone.
• Stop the dishwasher before the drying cycle and open the door to let the dishes air-dry.
• If you put hot food into fridge or freezer, they will have to work extra hard to cool it. You can let the food cool first and then put it in the fridge or freezer.
• Defrost your freezer at least every 6 months and check your fridge and freezers door seals.
• Put a full load in the washing machine if you can and use the lowest water temperature required. In this way you can save the money and save the fibres – your clothes remain new longer.
• Iron smart – you should do the low temperature clothes first and the high temperature clothes last.
• Weather permitting dry your clothes outside on the line.  In Ireland, the weather doesn’t always permit this (though we’ve had a good run!!).  If using a tumble dryer, dry heavy and light articles separately and turn the dryer off as soon as the clothes are dry.

Heating Tips:

• When going away, turn off your central heating and set the timer to warm the house up for your return. Switch off heating before you go to bad. The radiators will continue to heat your home for some time.
• Use time clocks to ensure the heating system works only when you need. With central heating systems use zone controls where necessary and fit thermostatic radiator valves to all radiators.
• Turn heating thermostat down by 1°C can save you up to 10% on your annual heating costs. Room thermostats should be set on 18°C for the bedroom, and on 20°C for the living room.
• Your boiler is heart of an efficient heating system. You should have it serviced annually to ensure it is working as efficiently as possible.
• Ensure your house is well insulated. Double glazing and loft & external wall insulation are fundamental for saving money and for keeping your house warm. Improving your insulation is one of the best investments you can make in your home.
• Carpets or rugs are good to insulate floors.
• In cooler weather, keep the windows and doors closed – save the heat!
• Curtains – close at night and open during the day. This little trick will help you to improve your house temperature management.
• If you have a chimney but you don’t use or use occasionally you can fit a removable chimney cover to cut down the air infiltration.
• Before you turn on your central heating…put on a jumper!
• Radiators: to deflect heat back into a room place a shelf or longer window ledge over the radiator. For the same reason fit reflective foil-backed insulation behind it if it is on the external wall.

Water Heating Tips:

• If your boiler is more than 10 years old, to plan to replace it. The modern ones are significantly more energy efficient. Older boilers operate at lower efficiency levels; on average 60% – 70% which means you are wasting heat and money.
• To avoid overheating water put a thermostat to your hot water cylinder.
• Lag your hot water pipes where you can and fit an insulating jacket on your hot water cylinder. For best results replace your existing hot water cylinder with a cylinder with factory applied insulation.
• Take a shower rather than a bath. Usually an electric shower uses only one fifth of the energy of a full bath.
• To save water and energy you should use a low flow shower head.
• Use radiant heat lamps to heat the bathroom area rather than fan heaters.
• If you use spray taps, you can reduce the amount of hot water you use.

You can also save Energy at work.  If you are interested in training in this area, view our range of Energy Management training courses – many of which are accredited.

Sources of Energy Saving Tips & Tools:

http://www.airtricity.com/ie/home/smarter-energy/

http://www.bordgaisenergy.ie/energy-efficiency/home/

https://www.electricireland.ie/ei/residential-energy-services/home/index.jsp

http://www.energia.ie/Energy-Services/Energy-Efficiency

Demographics

• Responses from 110 countries
• 94% maintained ISO 14001
• >50% of respondents from Europe
• >52% of organisation had 250 or more employees
• Almost 70% from manufacturing / processing industries
• 46% from SME’s

Value of ISO 14001

• Close to 75% of participants indicated ‘high’ or ‘very high’ value for meeting legal requirements and improving the organization’s environmental performance
• >60% indicated ‘high’ to ‘very high value’ for management commitment and employee engagement
• Responses from users  suggest ISO 14001 has provided considerable value for business management including:
  • Satisfying Stakeholder requirements
  • Improving public image
  • Achieving strategic objectives
  • Integrating with business management systems

Future Challenges

According to the survey results  the most important issues that required more attention were:

• Reducing and controlling pollution
• Strategies for efficient use of resources
• Reducing waste and pollution
• Identifying and evaluating the environmental aspects related to the life cycle of products and services.

For all future challenges other than prevention of pollution, a majority of responses suggested a limited to moderate approach that provides clarification and guidance, rather than new requirements. However, for prevention of pollution, 46% indicated a strong approach, consistent with the weighted average rating results.

Conclusion

The survey indicated a number of areas where there could be more focused attention including:

• Prevention of pollution
• Eco-efficiency
• Life cycle thinking
• Clearer information and guidance in ISO 14001 Annex A and ISO 14004

Per Arne Syrrist, Convenor of the group responsible for the revision to ISO 14004 responded to the survey results by saying:

“Our challenge in the ongoing revision of ISO 14004 will be to provide a deeper insight into environmental management for a wide variety of users. This survey has shown that people are not as aware of this resource as we had hoped.” 

ISO 14001 is currently at the Committee Draft phase (CD). The group dealing with the revision is meeting in Panama City in May to address comments and prepare a draft for public enquiry later this year. The revised version is expected by mid-2015.

The full survey results and accompanying report can be found here.

Source: ISO.org

Submitted by Ronan O’Sullivan, Antaris Consulting

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The next meeting of the international working group that is drafting the standard takes place between 25 February and 1 March. It will consider the comments submitted during the latest consultation and look to build a stronger consensus on the changes that are being proposed.

Martin Baxter, executive director of policy at Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) and the UK’s appointed expert on the revision to 14001, said the response to the draft standard from environmental professionals had been “overwhelmingly positive”.
“The changes being proposed are significant, integrating environmental management into organisational strategy and decision-making and adding further emphasis on improving environmental performance,” he explained.

An increasing number of organisations are pursuing ISO 14001 certification. In its annual survey of certifications, the International Organization for Standardization said the number of ISO 14001 environmental management system certificates at the end of 2012 was up 9 percent to 285,844 over the previous year.

Revision timeline

Early 2014: IEMA submits comments on CD2.

Mid 2014: Final Ballot takes place for adoption of the new 14001 standard.

Jan 2015: Final Draft International Standard.

May 2015: The revised ISO 14001 will be adopted and published, and the transitional period for organisations with certifications will begin.

Submitted by Ronan O’Sullivan, Antaris Consulting

To read more blogs from Antaris, click here

Sources

http://www.environmentalistonline.com/article/2014-01-28/revised-iso-14001-to-become-dis

http://www.up-ltd.co.uk/news/3069

http://www.environmentalleader.com/2014/01/29/iso-14001-revision-receives-majority-support-moves-forward/

https://www.2degreesnetwork.com/groups/energy-carbon-management/resources/revised-iso-14001-standard-moves-step-closer/

https://www.iema.net/policy-iso14001revision

The number of active projects in 2012 has increased to 4056, from 4007 in 2011. Consequently, the number of standards published has also risen from 1208 in 2011, to 1280 in 2012.

A summary of the statistics is shown in the table below.

Table 1 Global Distribution of Certificates 2011 and 2012

Source (ISO, 2013)

From Table 1 above, it can be seen that the uptake for the seven most popular standards have all increased over the past year. The greatest increase in uptake has occurred with ISO 50001, with an increase of 332%.

This increase is due to the fact that ISO 50001 was released in June 2011, and therefore the 2011 figures represent six months of uptake. In addition this is the first internationally recognised energy management standard.  The large increase may be the result of companies with existing standards upgrading their systems to comply with the requirements of ISO 50001, as the standard is in its infancy.

Sustainable Energy Authority Ireland’s Large Industry Energy Network (LIEN) is a voluntary network comprising of 140 companies representing 60 percent of Ireland’s industrial energy usage. A staggering €60m in avoided energy costs has been achieved since 2008 with the Scheme. SEAI also have a scheme under the LIEN, called the Energy Agreements Programme (EAP), over which there are 80 members which requires organisations to implement an energy management system.

In addition to this Ireland is home to many of the world largest MNCs (e.g. Google, Pfizer) and these companies are paving the way for best practice energy management for their colleagues in other countries and this has been enforced further with the swift implementation of ISO 50001. Germany and the UK are the market leaders in the largest number of ISO 50001 certificates issued but Ireland is coming up behind these countries, and is driven by SEAI’s goal to ensure that all members of the EAP have achieved ISO 50001 certification by the end of 2013. (Brogan, 2012)

The global uptake of ISO 50001 over the first twelve months has exceeded that of ISO 14001 in its initial twelve month period, and is rivalling the number of uptakes of the ISO 9001 in the 1990’s.

ISO 9001 makes up the majority of the certificates issued with over 73% of the global total awarded in 2012.

Table 2 Distribution of Certificates 2011 and 2012 in Ireland

(Source: ISO, 2013)

From Table 2, it can be seen that the distribution of ISO 9001 makes up the majority (over 75%) of the total number of certificates distributed. The uptake of this standard has increased 24% on the previous year also. The large uptake for this standard has been driven by the introduction of EU directives on products which specify minimum standards

ISO 9001

Figure 1 ISO 9001 Annual Distribution of Certificates

The distribution of ISO 9001 conformance certificates peaked in 2000 and 2001 where 3700 certificates were being issued annually. The uptake of the standard has dropped off since then to more modest levels. Yet 2012 saw an increase of 24% in certificates issued versus 2011, as 2331 certificates were issued.  From all the certificates distributed in 2012 in Ireland, over 75% of them were for ISO 9001.

ISO 14001

Figure 2 ISO 14001 Annual Distribution of Certificates

417 certificates distributed in 2012. This is lowest distribution rate of ISO 14001 certification for the previous five years. This drop off may be due to maturity of standard and proposed introduction of the new ISO 14001 in 2015.

ISO 50001

The number of ISO 50001 certificates issued in 2012 was 35. This number quite big considering it is a voluntary standard. The standard was only introduced in June 2011 and many companies with existing EnMS standards in place, such as EN 16001, may be waiting for their existing certification to expire prior to acquiring the new standard. The next ISO survey will give a good indication as to whether the SEAI met their goal stated above.

ISO 27001

Figure 3 ISO 27001 Annual Distribution of Certificates

There has been significant growth in the uptake of ISO 27001 since its uptake in 2006, where only six certificates were distributed, to 48 certificates being distributed in 2012.

ISO 22000 (Food Safety)

Figure 4 ISO 22000 Annual Distribution of Certificates

Launched in 2007, 23 ISO 22000 certificates were issued, and annually since 2010, the number of certificates issues has risen to 49.

ISO/TS 16949 (Automotive Quality)

Figure 5 ISO/TS 16949 Annual Distribution of Certificates

The adoption of ISO /TS 16949 has grown from seven in 2004 and 2005, to over 20 annually for the previous 6 years.

ISO 13485 (Medical Device Quality)

Figure 6 ISO 13485 Annual Distribution of Certificates

Progressive growth has occurred in the uptake of ISO 13485 since 2004. The number of certificates has increased tenfold from its introduction in 2004, where 19 certificates were issued, to 2012 where 193 certificates were issued.

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To this end, there are two key challenges for an organisation operating at multiple sites and/or in multiple jurisdictions:

1. Understanding the legislation, regulations and directives (‘laws’) pertinent to the activities being undertaken in each jurisdiction
2. Achieving confidence in the business’s level of compliance with those laws

What at face value appears to be a black and white situation quickly becomes grey as operators dig into the detail of their business.  A number of questions may be exposed:

1.       What jurisdiction(s) am I operating in?

Do you think you are running your business in Spain, Italy, and Germany?  Perhaps you should consider that you actually operate in the Cantabrian Autonomous Community, the Marche Region, and Hesse Lander.  Taking these three, relatively complex, European Union members as an example, in just three countries, you could be operating in 53 jurisdictions (and that does not consider the added complexities of local byelaws which may exist in single cities and provinces).

2.       What level of detail do I need to cover?

From a pragmatic perspective, the creation of central legal registers to collect laws at a European, National, Regional, and Local level should be (in the writer’s opinion) considered in light of the law of diminishing returns.  Any organisation operating in multiple jurisdictions must decide what is important to include in its legal register from an EH&S perspective.

For example, Kirkby Lonsdale in the English County of Cumbria has a local bye-law prohibiting members of the public from jumping off a bridge at a local pleasure spot.  It is fair to say that the benefit of including this bye-law (and assessing compliance against it) in a health & safety register for a local organisation would be marginal at best.

3.       What can I afford to source?

There is also a cost angle to consider: to fully map all the law relevant in the Lugo province in Galicia is likely to require the engagement of a local individual. Alone this might be practical (if that individual can be found). However, can this scale across the other 49 provinces of Spain? In today’s competitive business environment, it is unlikely many organisations will have the financial resources to plough into this kind of activity. To an extent, this is the type of tacit knowledge you might expect your factory manager to have, in much the same way that you expect that he knows to direct 44 tonne trucks down certain roads to avoid structurally weak bridges.

4.       What does my certification auditor expect to see?

As commercial operations, certification bodies are under similar constraints to the organisations they audit with regards to having a full understanding of local law.  The certification body must be given confidence that you present a well-organised, proactive organisation with well-documented legal registers.  However, they are highly unlikely to work through endless lists of local ordinances seeking to ‘catch you out’.

5.       How can we feel confident that compliance is being assessed?

There is one person who really cares about feeling confident about compliance: you – hence this section catching your eye.  You probably sit in a QHSE role responsible for several sites, perhaps at a country or pan-continental level.

But why do you want to feel confident about compliance?  There are two main drivers within the multi-jurisdictional business:

1. The desire to retain your certification
2. But most importantly: ensuring that corporate does not find out about non-compliance first through local or national media.

Clauses 4.5.2, 4.3.2 and 4.6.2 of the previously mentioned standards all stipulate a requirement to assess compliance with applicable legislation on an on-going basis.  However, the practical business risk of negative publicity due to non-compliance is at least as important to many businesses.

Central visibility of dispersed activity increases corporate confidence in the operations’ legal compliance.  When implementing an approach to provide confidence on compliance, the QHSE practitioner must consider two things: collecting enough information, balanced against ensuring that any approach taken can be easily mastered by non-specialists.

This can only be effectively achieved at reasonable cost through the delivery of questionnaires via technology – be this MS SharePoint, an internal reporting solution, or a contracted solution like thePegasus Legal Register.

Conclusion

Achieving and maintaining legal compliance can be a huge challenge for companies operating a number of sites across multiple jurisdictions. Addressing this challenge means organisations must take a closer look at their businesses requirements and constraints and make an informed choice about the level of compliance risk that is acceptable to their operations. While there are a number of methods for identifying relevant legislation and monitoring your company’s compliance, cost, comprehensiveness, quality and corporate visibility should all be considered when selecting a solution.

IEMA, working in close association with other organisations such BSI (British Standards Institute) and CRA Consultancy, has established a working group (WG5) comprised of nominated experts. The function of the group is to develop a series of working drafts, which are open to scrutiny from the environmental community. The working group considers any contentious issues and amends the drafts as necessary.

In March 2013 the revision process reached the stage where a first Committee Draft (CDI) was prepared and circulated to national mirror committees of the ISO Technical Committee revising the standard.

It is important to note that all clauses and sub-clauses of CDI are still to be finalised and this should not be assumed to represent the final standard in part or in whole.  ISO 14004 is also being revised in parallel and will provide guidance on implementation.

Key Changes Proposed in CDI

1.0 Scope
The scope established in CDI provides greater detail than is included in the current scope of ISO 14001. The scope now highlights that the EMS will capture external impacts on the organization – this may typically involve impacts from a changing climate on an organisation’s activities. The scope also puts emphasis on the need to take advantage of opportunities as well as reducing negative impacts.

4.0 Context of the Organisation
New requirements are introduced relating to understanding the external and internal context of the organisation (4.1). The organisation is also required to determine the needs and expectations of interested parties (4.2). This overall context must be taken into account in setting the scope of the EMS (4.3) and in planning actions to address risk and opportunities (6.1).

5.1 Leadership and Commitment
A definition of top management has been introduced (3.11). There is also a requirement related to aligning the EMS with the organisation’s overall strategy. Top management is also required to integrate EMS requirements into core business processes.

5.2 Policy
CDI expands on the commitments required to be made in the environmental policy by including the need to “support environmental protection” and provides some examples of potential environmental threats.

6.1 Actions to Address Risks and Opportunities
CDI introduces specific requirements for the management of risk and opportunities. These concepts in CDI are much broader in comparison to those addressed in ISO 14001:2004.

6.1.2 Environmental Aspects
Although the requirement in ISO 14001:2004 to consider the environmental aspects it can “control and those that it can influence” could lead to impacts across the value chain of a product or service being considered, this is often not the case. CDI adds to this requirement by specifying a “life-cycle perspective” to be taken when identifying aspects. It is important to note that this does not require a life-cycle assessment to be conducted, but would mean that the impacts of the organisation’s products/services are to be considered.

6.2.2 Environmental Performance Indicators
CDI requires that each objective (established under clause 6.2.1) to have one or more defined indicators associated with it, through which performance is evaluated.

7.4 Communication
CDI requires organisations to determine the need for both internal and external communication and specifies what should be considered when making the determination.

8.2 Value Chain Planning and Control
Requirements to control or influence upstream and downstream processes are introduced. This clause is important for capturing the environmental impacts which occur outside of the organisation’s direct control.

9 Performance Evaluation
Proposed changes to this clause include the incorporation of the value chain perspective on the organisation’s environmental impacts and the requirement to determine criteria against which performance is evaluated.

9.1.2 Evaluation of Compliance
Requirements associated with evaluation compliance are strengthened in CDI with the introduction of a requirement to maintain knowledge and understanding of compliance status. This requirement would mean that an organisation should be aware of its compliance status and not rely on external parties to inform it that activities were non-compliant.

Implications for organisations
The revised ISO 14001 has implications for organisations putting more responsibility on companies to integrate their ISO 14001 activities with their business process. This means companies must have a more focused approach and strategic plan for implementing ISO 14001 activities. One of the major implications is in evaluation. Companies must now undertake self audits in order to establish any shortcomings in their compliance. This may have serious implications in cases of non-conformance  when certification bodies perform audits.

For more information on ISO 14001 training, see here

Blog courtesy of http://www.pegasuslegalregister.com/resources/pegasus-blog

ISO 50001 provides a framework of requirements for organisations to:

• Develop a policy for efficient energy use
• Use data constructively to understand energy use
• Implement targets and objectives to meet policy
• Review results against policy, targets and objectives

Benefits

• Achieves energy savings of 10%-25% through close monitoring of energy management policy
• Builds energy management best practice into business practices
• Improves transparency and communication of energy resource management
• Helps to evaluate new energy-efficient technology
• Provides a framework to promote energy management throughout the supply chain
• Reduces administrative work

Drivers

• Corporate sustainability programmes
• Energy cost reduction initiatives
• Demand from vendors in every part of the supply chain
• Carbon and energy taxes
• Requirement to reduce carbon footprint

Certification is not obligatory. Some organisations implement the standard for its benefits alone, while others opt for ISO 50001 certification.

A company’s senior management must be engaged in order for ISO 50001 to be a success. To implement and sustain adoption of the standard requires behavioural change across the organisation.

From the above chart it is clear that ISO 50001 is still at an early stage of adoption in comparison to ISO 14001 and ISO 9001. As with many new standards, companies may well want to wait until the benefits of ISO 50001 are proven or until customers demand that such energy policies are implemented.

One particular reason for lack of adoption may be a lack of education around the difference between ISO 50001 and ISO 14001. Many organisations will manage energy via ISO 14001, but where energy has a significant environmental impact, ISO 50001 provides a sharper focus on energy efficiency which may ultimately have more benefits for an organisation.

Adoption currently has been led by energy intensive industries such as smelting, mining, chemical, glass and cement. Whether or not adoption will go beyond these industries could be influenced by energy costs, customer demand and education in the benefits of the standard itself.

With Europe committing to a reduction in emissions of 20% by 2020, there is definitely growing support for energy efficiency to bolster emissions reduction efforts. The adoption of ISO 50001 as the European standard for energy management systems sets a precedent: the EU is actively pursuing a policy to implement energy management systems in order to drive more energy efficient industries. Now the real challenge will be to encourage the adoption of ISO 50001.

For more information on Energy Management and ISO 50001, check out our Energy Management training courses here.

Blog courtesy of http://www.pegasuslegalregister.com/resources/pegasus-blog

 1.      Can the threat of adverse publicity motivate companies to achieve legal compliance?

https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/recording/1890875576166800384

This webinar explores the question ‘Have adverse publicity orders lead to more effective regulatory compliance?’  You will have the opportunity to learn about current trends in multi-jurisdictional compliance and hear from one of our senior consultants, Cheryl Robertson. Cheryl has previously worked in the oil and gas industry in Environment and Health & Safety. Cheryl is a senior consultant with Antaris, with over ten years’ experience in the field of consulting, specialising in Environmental Management and Integrated Management Systems with Environment, Health & Safety and Quality.

2.      Delivering Multi-Jurisdictional Compliance

https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/recording/8987522742387711744

This webinar looks at how multi-national companies can overcome the challenges of delivering multi-jurisdictional compliance. This webinar is delivered by Gerard Higgins, the CEO of Antaris Consulting and has over 20 years’ experience in Environment, Health and Safety.

For more information, visit Antaris website

The Management System, which is to be completed within a challenging time frame, is to be showcased at the World Enviro-Management Conference 2012 in October of this year.

The system will be implemented at two sites: the mining facility at Jalamid and the processing plant at Ras Al Khair, from where the Diammonium Phosphate (DAM) produced is sold primarily into international markets. These projects form part of parent company Ma’aden’s commitment to develop the mineral wealth of Saudi Arabia and become a catalyst for downstream industries.

In today’s business environment, many organisations incorporate a number of management systems, such as quality, environmental, occupational health & safety and information security. As a result, these organisations want to harmonise and, where possible, combine the auditing of these systems.
Compared to the first edition of the standard published in 2002 which applied only to ISO 9001 (quality) and ISO 14001 (environment), the scope of ISO 19011:2011, Guidelines for auditing management systems, has been expanded to reflect current thinking and the complexities of auditing multiple management system standards (MSS).

The new standard aims to help user organisations to optimise and facilitate the integration of their management systems and, in facilitating a single audit of its systems, will streamline the audit processes, reduce duplication of effort and decrease disruption of work units being audited.

Specific attention is given to the implementation of the audit programme. By fully applying these guidelines, the prerequisites are provided to make auditing a crucial tool for top management to achieve the objectives of the organisation and add-value.

ISO 19011:2011 provides guidance on the conduct of internal or external management system audits, as well as on the management of audit programmes. Intended users of this International Standard include auditors, audit team leaders, audit programme managers, organisations implementing management systems, and organisations needing to conduct audits of management systems for contractual or regulatory reasons.

Alister Dalrymple, Convenor of the team that updated the guidelines, described the benefits which the new standard is expected to bring to users and the improvements made compared to the 2002 edition it replaces:
ISO 19011:2011 has been revised to provide auditors, organisations implementing management systems and organisations needing to conduct audits of management systems an opportunity to re-assess their own practices and identify improvement opportunities.

Compared to the 2002 version, the standard adds the concept of risk and recognises more explicitly the competence of the audit team and individual auditors. Also, the use of technology in remote auditing is acknowledged, for example, conducting remote interviews and reviewing records remotely.”

Another improvement is the clarification of the relationship between ISO 19011:2011 and ISO/IEC 17021:2011, Conformity assessment – Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems. While those involved in management system certification audits follow the requirements of ISO/IEC 17021:2011, they might also find the guidance in this International Standard useful.

This post has been adapted from information published on the International Organisation for Standardisation website